Capitalism needs consumers! + Political: desire for U.S to compete with other nations -enforcing the Monroe Doctrine (only U.S can colonize North & South America) +Mahan's 1890 book, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History stimulated a naval race + strategic/military: acquire naval bases + Ideological/white man's burden:/ white supremacy/American Exceptionalis: duty to civilize non American/European people & bring democracy effects/motives U.S annexation of Hawaii - queen Liluokalani removed from power + McKinley's Foreign Policy: Generally cautious but forced into action by the press & public opinion CONTEXT: 1820 missionaries first arrived. Causes/Motives: many advocated for overseas expansion Social +Frontier closed so want to look abroad for overseas opportunities + Social Darwinism + Yellow Journalism & popular opinion White supremacy / American Exceptionalism + Economic: open up markets abroad, access to cheap raw materials ( want financial benefits from other countries) -IR → mass production boom.

City island 5 +roads